Language and Mind Essay Example for Free

Language and Mind Essay1. Which of the quest statements just about parameters is FALSE?a. They specify the limits on possible differences between spoken communications b. They do not belong to Universal Grammar c. Their values must be set on the basis of experience2. From the viewpoint of the principles-and-parameters theory, the process of language acquisition consists ofa. backcloth the choice for each parameter that fits the language that is being acquired b. Storing words and sentences in memoryc. Learning the order in which words occur in sentences3. If more or less property X is true for all languages, we notify conclude thata. X may be a property that all and only languages strike (i.e. a language-unique universal) b. X must be a general property of all cognitive systemsc. X is determined by the universal human articulatory machine4. The fact that young infants do not for run short about determinations that they have definen after these objects have been taken awa y is calleda. object shiftb. habituationc. object permanence 5. Consider the following two question sentencesi. When did the boy say he shed out of the tree?ii. When did the boy say how he fell out of the tree?The first question is ambiguous becausea. It is not clearly formulatedb. It has two different underlying deep bodily structures c. It has one sentence plant in another sentence6. The statement perception is ahead of production means thata. Children can articulate words before they can recognize and image them b. Children can recognize and understand words and sentences that they cannot yet properly produce themselves c. Childrens visual abilities are better than their auditory abilities7. The special way in which parents speak to young infants is calleda. Telegraphic speechb. Motherese or parentesec. Recursion8. The Critical Period that is relevant for first and second language acquisitiona. That is correct b. That is monstrous because it is only relevant for first langua ge acquisition c. That is incorrect because it is only relevant for second language acquisition9. Genies success in acquiring English turned out to be very limited. The greatest problem she had wasa. Learning wordsb. Understanding what people said to herc. Forming utterances with syntactic structure 10. Genies case provides important support fora. The critical period hypothesis b. The role of motherese in language acquisitionc. The Poverty of stimulus argument for innateness11. figure the following scenario Some Japanese people come to Mexico to do business. None of them speaks Spanish, and none of their Mexican partners speaks Japanese. There is no other language that these two groups have in common. Therefore, they have to develop a attractive of auxiliary communication system that can fit this special circumstance. This system is most likely to be aa. creoleb. pidgin c. English12. According to Derek Bickerton a creole language is created bya. adults who are forced to communicat e with each other over a long period of time without having a shared language b. people who need to have a secret languagec. children whose linguistic input consists of a pidgin spoken in their community 13. The fact that children are apparently capable of producing a creole language which has grammatical properties that are not present in the pidgin input can be used as evidence fora. The view that children have innate knowledge of language structure b. The view that pidgin languages have recondite grammatical structure c. The view that children are born with blank slate minds14. For a universal to count as an argument for the IH, which of the following three conditions is non necessarya. The universal must be true of languages onlyb. We cannot explain the universal in any other wayc. The universals must be about the syntax of language15. Which of the following is NOT a property of creole languages?a. Creole languages have a very simplify grammar b. Creole languages have been ac quired as first languagesc. Creole languages have a fully developed grammar16. Which of the following statements is FALSE?a. soft touch languages differ from spoken languages in being based on visual signals rather than on sound b. Sign languages have emerged spontaneously (i.e. they are not man-made or artificial) just like spoken languages c. Sign languages are fundamentally different from spoken languages in that all signs are necessarily iconic 17. The existence of sign languages, being fully equivalent in all relevant respects to spoken languages, supports the innateness hypothesis becausea. Both types of languages are processed in totally different brain regions b. Both types of languages depend on the innate principles of the auditory or visual system c. Even though the perceptual modality (audition versus vision) is so different from the spoken language modality, the same kind of grammatical structures are present in both types of languages 18. The stages that children, who acquire a sign language, go through (after they start babbling) area. The same as the stages we see in the acquisition of spoken languages b. Different in that deaf children skip the two word stagec. Different in that deaf children never get to the point that they form full sentences19. In the case of Nicaraguan Sign Language, the youngest children changed the unstructured signing of their older peers into a structured language. This is analogous toa. changing a pidgin into a creole b. changing a creole into a pidginc. changing a spoken language into a sign language20. A simplified form of human communication used by people with no common language is a(n)a. Pidgin language b. Creole languagec. Artificial language21. Which of the following statements is TRUE?a. All pidgin languages have the same grammarb. All pidgin languages have very simple grammars c. All pidgin languages have fully developed grammars22. Which of the following statements is TRUEa. Children can acquire only one l anguages at the same timeb. There are no fixed stages in the acquisition of sign languages c. Foreign language learning after puberty in general leads to imperfect language abilities 23. The argument that the input that children receive is not abundant enough to explain the rich knowledge that they end up with is calleda. The argument from universalsb. The argument from stagesc. The poverty of the stimulus argument 24. Evidence for categorical perception in young infants comes froma. Habituation studies b. daybook studiesc. Longitudinal studies25. In which stage of language acquisition would children most likely produce a sentence such as mommy want opaque?a. Holophrastic stageb. Two word-stagec. Telegraphic stage